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高考英语二轮复习《代词》讲学案含解析
高考对代词的考查主要涉及在给定的上下文中运用代词的能力,以及对不定代词和替代词的考查。命题主要出现在单项填空、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错等题型中,侧重于在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别。其考点主要包括:
1.考查替代词的用法。常考的替代词有one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it等。
2.考查不定代词的用法。常考的不定代词有any,some,all,none,other,another, every, nothing等。
3.考查反身代词的用法。常考的反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves等。
4.考查it的用法。it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法; it的实指用法; it的虚指用法,如:can help it, put it, catch it, come it, make it, see to it that等。
一:both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法
1.both,either,neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there.
Every student in our school works hard.
我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.
每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
二:some和any的用法
1.表示“一些”时,some常用于肯定句;any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如:
If you have any questions, please ask me.
2.在疑问句中可用some,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如:
Would you like some coffee?
3.some可接单数名词表示“某一个”;any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如:
I remember having read this article in some magazine.
Here are three novels.You may read any.
三:复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,no,every加上body,one,thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。
1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如:
Somebody is waiting outside.
I have something for you.
She thinks she's something since she won the prize.
获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。
2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:
Does anybody else want to go?
There isn't anything in the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.
对她来说儿子就是一切。
四:the other,other,another,others,the others的区别
the other/
otherthe other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义
another可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”
others/
the othersothers只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others
He is willing to help others/other people.
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.
五:none,no one,nobody,nothing的区别
none既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句—How much money do you have?
—None.
no one/
nobody只能指人;是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数—Who is in the room?
—Nobody./No one.
nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导的疑问句—What are you doing
now?
—Nothing.
考点六:替代词的用法和区别
it替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物—Have you found your pen?
—No, I haven't found it.
one/onesone用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词。其复数形式为onesI think this book is better than the one I read last time.
These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.
that/
thosethat用来替代前面出现的同类的名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the onesThe weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.
考点七:it的用法
1.it可用于无人称句,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如:
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.
It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school.
It's very quiet at the moment.
2.it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如:
It's important for us to learn a second language.
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
3.熟记下列有关it的固定句型
make it;get it;keep it up;see to it that;put it
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